• International Leading Technologies Transfer Company Limited
  • Tiếng Việt Tiếng việt
  • English English
  • Youtube
Logo
  • Home
  • About us
  • Products
    • NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING PRODUCTS
      • CONCRETE TESTING PRODUCTS
      • STEEL TESTING PRODUCTS
      • INSPECTION PRODUCTS FOR TRANSPORT ENGINEERING
    • STRUCTURE MONITORING PRODUCTS
    • DIGITAL SOLUTION IN SMART CITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
      • TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FLOATING ON THE GROUND
      • UNDERGROUND TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
    • ANALYSIS & SIMULATION SOFTWARE
    • GEOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENT SURVEY
    • ANALYSIS, MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING PRODUCTS
  • Services
  • News
    • Activity News
    • Specialized News
  • Documents
  • Contact us
  • iltech.com.vn
  • Specialized News

What is Cross-hole Sonic Logging? Why is it so widely used?

10-04-2021

Several methods of construction exist today for the construction of drilled shafts (Reese and O’Neill 1999). The most widely used method today is the wet method, i.e., shafts are cast under wet conditions using bentonite slurry in order to keep the borehole open vertical during drilling to avoid collapsing of soil and preventing proper casting of the concrete. Several defects in form of necking /bulging may be occurred. These defects occur due to failure of soft vertical strata after excavation of soil /during lowering of cage (Sarhan et al. 2003) and these defects occupying up to 15% of the cast in situ pile section could remain undetected. Camp et al. (2007) recorded that, out of 441 piles tested on different projects in South Carolina, around more than 70% of the projects had at least one pile containing a defect. Such defects in the integrity of the cast in situ pile can affect their pile capacity and ability to transmit the design loads and hence quality control of pile construction is a major important critical factor.

Fig.1: Drilling Shafts Process.

Several methods are currently used to perform Non Destructive Testing (NDT) of deep foundations. Cross-hole Sonic Logging (CSL) is a common and most reliable technique among the most common methods of NDT testing. Complete guideline is available in ASTM D 6760 (2008). It is observed that defects near the top of a drilled shaft will significantly affect its structural capacity due to unsound concrete.

To better understand Cross-hole Sonic Logging method and process for implementing it, below are excerpts from the ASTM D6760 - 08: Standard Test Method for Integrity Testing of Concrete Deep Foundations by Ultrasonic Crosshole Testing.

Principle of the Cross-hole Sonic Logging:

The actual speed of sound wave propagation in concrete is dependent on the concrete material properties, geometry of the element and wavelength of the sound waves. When ultrasonic frequencies (for example, >20 000 Hz) are generated, Pressure (P) waves and Shear (S) waves travel through the concrete. Because S waves are relatively slow, they are of no further interest in this method. In good quality concrete the P-wave speed would typically range between 3600 to 4400 m/s. Poor quality concrete containing defects (for example, soil inclusion, gravel, water, drilling mud, bentonite, voids, contaminated concrete, or excessive segregation of the constituent particles) has a comparatively lower P-wave speed.

By measuring the transit time of an ultrasonic P-wave signal between an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver in two parallel water filled access ducts cast into the concrete during construction and spaced at a known distance apart, such anomalies may be detected.
Usually the transmitter and receiver are maintained at equal elevations as they are moved up or down the access ducts.

Two ultrasonic probes, one a transmitter and the other a receiver, are lowered and lifted usually in unison in their respective water-filled access ducts to test the full shaft length from top to bottom. The transmitter probe generates ultrasonic pulses at frequent and regular intervals during the probes’ controlled travel rate. The probe depth and receiver probe’s output (timed relative to the transmitter probe’s ultrasonic pulse generation) are recorded for each pulse. The receiver’s output signals are sampled and saved as amplitude versus time (see Fig. 2) for each sampled depth. These signals can be then nested to produce a “waterfall” diagram (see right side of Fig. 3).

Fig.2 Amplitude versus time.

Fig.3 Waterfall diagram.

Cross-hole Sonic Logging system including:

- 01 Control Units;

- 01 Transmitter Probe;

- 01 Receiver Probe;

- 02 Roller Cable;

- Acquisition Software.

 

Fig.4 Cross-hole Sonic Logging system.

Data sample:

 

Fig 5: Data sample.

 

References: Bagui, S.K., Puri, S.K. & Subbiah, K. Cross hole sonic test results for analysis of pile load test. ABEN 1, 15 (2020). 

https://doi.org/10.1186/s43251-020-00017-4

ASTM D6760 − 08: Standard Test Method for Integrity Testing of Concrete Deep Foundations by Ultrasonic Crosshole Testing

SOLGEO ALL-IN-ONE, Brochure: http://www.solgeo.it/media/strumento/SOLGEO_AllInOne.pdf

Tags: Thiết bị kiểm tra không phá hủy kiểm định chất lượng công trình siêu âm cọc khoan nhồi máy siêu âm cọc phương pháp siêu âm kiểm tra cọc khoan nhồi thí nghiệm siêu âm cọc kiểm tra chất lượng cọc khoan nhồi kiểm tra biến dạng nhỏ thí nghiệm pit khuyết tật cọc khoan nhồi tiêu chuẩn thí nghiệm cọc thiết bị siêu âm bê tông TCVN 9396 2012 TCVN 9397 2012 TCVN 9335 2012 ASTM D6760 ASTM D5882 ASTM D2845 ASTM C597

Products

  • NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING PRODUCTS
    • CONCRETE TESTING PRODUCTS
    • STEEL TESTING PRODUCTS
    • INSPECTION PRODUCTS FOR TRANSPORT ENGINEERING
  • STRUCTURE MONITORING PRODUCTS
  • DIGITAL SOLUTION IN SMART CITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
    • TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FLOATING ON THE GROUND
    • UNDERGROUND TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
  • ANALYSIS & SIMULATION SOFTWARE
  • GEOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENT SURVEY
  • ANALYSIS, MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING PRODUCTS

New article news

ILTech_Completely transferring seismic equipment from Guralp (UK) ILTech_Completely transferring seismic equipment from Guralp (UK)
11/12/2024
ILTech completed the supply of seismic exploration equipment model X820S (24 channels) of M.A.E (Italia) ILTech completed the supply of seismic exploration equipment model X820S (24 channels) of M.A.E (Italia)
24/02/2024
Letter Of New Year Wishes For The Dragon 2024 Letter Of New Year Wishes For The Dragon 2024
03/02/2024
ILTech signed a contract to provide 11 sets of modern, high-tech equipment for geological - hydrological surveys and construction quality inspection ILTech signed a contract to provide 11 sets of modern, high-tech equipment for geological - hydrological surveys and construction quality inspection
03/02/2024
ILTech successfully handover Surface Roughness Measuring Equipment by International Roughness Index (IRI) ILTech successfully handover Surface Roughness Measuring Equipment by International Roughness Index (IRI)
20/01/2024

Documents

  • 02/07/2021: TCVN 12584:2019_Safety traffic equipment - Retroreflecting road studs - Techincal requirements and test methods
  • 02/07/2021: TCVN 12584:2019_Safety traffic equipment - Retroreflecting road studs - Techincal requirements and test methods
  • 02/07/2021: TCVN 8867:2011_Flexible pavement - standard test method for determination of elastic modulus of pavement structure using Benkelman beam
  • 02/07/2021: TCVN 8860-1: 2011_Asphalt Concrete – Test methods – Part 1: Determination of Marshall Stability and Pl astic Flow
  • 02/07/2021: TCVN 12585:2019_Safety traffic equipment- Delineator posts and retroreflectors - Technical requirements and test methods
  • 02/07/2021: TCVN 8819:2011_Specification for Construction of Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavement and Acceptance
  • 02/07/2021: TCVN 11365:2016_Pavement Airport: Standard Test Method for Evaluation Pavement Classification Number (PCN) Using a Heavy-Falling Weight Deflectometer (HWD)
  • 02/07/2021: TCVN 10832:2015_Retroreflective pavement marking materials - Color - Specifications and test methods
View more

Gallery

  • Holiday!!!
  • Delivery and Training GALLERY
  • Exhibition, Seminar, Workshop...

Video

  • Underground Utilities Mapping for Smart Cities in Vietnam

    Underground Utilities Mapping for Smart Cities in Vietnam

  • Siêu âm cọc khoan nhồi tại tỉnh Quảng Ninh/ Cross-hole Sonic Logging model All-in One (Italia)

    Siêu âm cọc khoan nhồi tại tỉnh Quảng Ninh/ Cross-hole Sonic Logging model All-in One (Italia)

  • Discover Instantel's Micromate Monitoring Unit

    Discover Instantel's Micromate Monitoring Unit

  • Proteus Pipeline Crawler Inspection System

    Proteus Pipeline Crawler Inspection System

  • PCSS - Pavement Condition Survey System

    PCSS - Pavement Condition Survey System

About us

International Leading Technologies Transfer Company Limited

Hanoi Office: 3A Floor, Lidaco – Vinaconex 7 Building, 19 Dai Tu Road, Hoang Mai Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam

HCMC Office: 58/48 Nguyen Minh Hoang, Ward 12, Tan Binh District, HCMC

Tel: (84-24) 6027 8662

Email: info@iltech.com.vn/ inter-cooperation@iltech.com.vn

Hotline: (84) 914 382 786

© Company Theme. All Rights Reserved. Designed by ILTech